01出貨規(guī)格、日期與合同規(guī)定不符造成收匯風(fēng)險
出口方未按合同或信用證規(guī)定交貨。
1:生產(chǎn)廠誤工,造成晚交貨;
2:用類似規(guī)格的產(chǎn)品代替合同規(guī)定的產(chǎn)品;
3:成交價格低,以次充好。
02單證質(zhì)量差造成收匯風(fēng)險
03信用證規(guī)定的陷阱條款所造成的風(fēng)險
出口工作涉及方方面面,且兩頭在外,易出現(xiàn)問題。如果企業(yè)沒有完整的業(yè)務(wù)管理辦法,一旦出現(xiàn)官司,會造成有理打不贏的局面,尤其對那些只注重電話聯(lián)系的企業(yè)。其次,由于每年企業(yè)的客源在擴(kuò)大,為了企業(yè)在貿(mào)易中有的放矢,必然要對每一個客戶建立業(yè)務(wù)檔案,包括資信度、貿(mào)易量等等,逐年進(jìn)行篩選,降低業(yè)務(wù)風(fēng)險。
對出口業(yè)務(wù)來講,代理制的真正做法是代理方不向委托方墊付資金,盈虧由委托方承擔(dān),代理方僅收取一定的代理費(fèi)用。而現(xiàn)在實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)操作中,不是這樣。其原因一是自己本身客戶少,收匯能力差,又要力爭完成指標(biāo);二是想多盈利,嫌代理費(fèi)少。
延期付款方式是一種遠(yuǎn)期商業(yè)付款方式,如出口方接受了這種方式就等于給進(jìn)口商融資優(yōu)惠。雖然開證人自愿支付延期的利息,表面上僅需出口商墊款、放款,實(shí)質(zhì)上是客戶等待貨物到港后查驗(yàn)到貨的數(shù)量。如市場變化銷路不暢,進(jìn)口商可申請銀行拒付。有些公司放貨給國外做生意的同學(xué)、朋友。以為是關(guān)系客戶,不存在收不了匯的問題。一旦出現(xiàn)市場銷售不暢,或客戶問題,不但錢收不回,貨也可能收不回。
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